Intensive Care Medicine (ICM) Practice Exam

What is the general treatment for obstructive sleep apnea aside from CPAP?

1. Losing weight

2. Surgery

3. Medications

4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

The treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) extends beyond the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Management strategies often include lifestyle modifications, surgical interventions, and certain medications when appropriate. Weight loss is a common recommendation for patients with OSA, as excess weight can contribute to the severity of airway obstruction. Even modest weight reduction can lead to significant improvements in symptoms and reduce the frequency of apnea episodes. Surgical options may also be considered, especially if conservative measures are ineffective or if there are anatomical abnormalities contributing to airway obstruction. Surgical procedures can include uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), which removes excess tissue from the throat, or more invasive surgeries such as maxillomandibular advancement that reposition the jaw and tongue. Medications are less frequently used but may be prescribed in particular cases to help manage symptoms or facilitate airway patency. For instance, certain medications may encourage muscle tone in the airway or target contributing factors such as allergies or nasal congestion. In summary, the comprehensive management of obstructive sleep apnea often involves a combination of lifestyle changes, surgical options, and, in some cases, pharmacological interventions, highlighting the multifaceted approach to treatment beyond just CPAP therapy.